ARRL DXCC ENTITY RE-EVALUATION MEMORANDUM – 5H

5H — TANZANIA
Evaluation Under 1965 ARRL DXCC Rules

I. PURPOSE

This memorandum evaluates whether 5H — Tanzania qualifies as a separate ARRL DXCC Entity under the 1965 ARRL DXCC Rules, representing the DXCC policy environment shortly after Tanzania’s formation from the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

The evaluation includes:

• Sovereign-state status (UN membership, independence)
• Post-colonial changes (Tanganyika + Zanzibar Union)
• Predecessor DXCC Entities (VQ1 Tanganyika, VQ4 Zanzibar)
• Applicability of 1965 Political Entity rules
• Continuity and deletion criteria

Tanzania appears on the DXCC List as a sovereign political successor state formed in 1964.

II. BACKGROUND

1. Pre-1964 Status

Tanganyika (VQ1 / 5H)
• Former German colony; League of Nations mandate under U.K. after WWI
• Later UN Trust Territory under U.K.
• Became independent on 9 December 1961

Zanzibar (VQ4 / 5Z)
• Former Sultanate under British protection
• Gained independence on 10 December 1963
• Sultanate overthrown in 1964 revolution; People’s Republic of Zanzibar created

2. Formation of the Republic of Tanzania

• On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
• Renamed United Republic of Tanzania in October 1964

3. International Recognition

• Recognized immediately as a sovereign state
• Member of the United Nations, African Union, and Commonwealth by 1965
• Fully independent in internal and external affairs

Geographic Considerations

• Mainland African state + Zanzibar archipelago
• No geographic separation rules apply — political rules are sufficient

DXCC Prefix

• ITU allocated 5H / 5I to Tanzania
• Replacing:
– VQ1 / 5H (Tanganyika)
– VQ4 / 5Z (Zanzibar)

DXCC History

• Tanganyika and Zanzibar were separate DXCC entities prior to union
• After union, DXCC recognized the new unified sovereign state as the successor entity → 5H Tanzania

III. ANALYSIS UNDER THE 1965 DXCC RULES

Under the 1965 Rules, DXCC Political Entities include:

UN member independent nations — automatic qualification
Distinct political territories (colonies, mandates, protectorates) — eligible as non-sovereign entities
New political units created by merger or decolonization — evaluated under Rule 1 (sovereignty)

Tanzania is a sovereign state, therefore evaluated only under Political criteria.

1. POLITICAL ENTITY CRITERIA (1965)

1(a) Sovereign Independent Nation — ✔ PASS

• Tanzania was a unitary, independent republic in 1965
• Full domestic and foreign sovereignty

1(b) UN Membership — ✔ PASS

• Member of the United Nations (Tanganyika was admitted in 1961; union continued membership)

1(c) International Recognition — ✔ PASS

• Broad diplomatic recognition from global powers and African states

1(d) Clear, Defined Territorial Jurisdiction — ✔ PASS

• Sovereignty includes:
– Mainland Tanganyika territory
– Zanzibar and Pemba islands
• Territory corresponds to the political union treaty

1(e) DXCC Succession Rule — ✔ PASS

• Tanganyika and Zanzibar ceased to exist as separate entities
• Tanzania is the successor state
• DXCC rules treated this as:

Deletion of VQ1 (Tanganyika)
Deletion of VQ4 (Zanzibar)
Creation of 5H (Tanzania)

Conclusion:
Tanzania satisfies all political-entity requirements under 1965 Rules.

2. GEOGRAPHIC ENTITY CRITERIA (1965)

Not applicable.
Tanzania qualifies strictly as a sovereign nation under Political Entity rules.

3. SPECIAL-AREA CRITERIA (1965)

None apply; Tanzania is not:
• A trust-territory enclave
• An international organization district
• An Antarctic region

4. 1965 DELETION CRITERIA — NOT TRIGGERED

Deletion requires:

Loss of sovereignty
Integration into another sovereign state
Boundary elimination or absorption
Incorrect original listing

None apply:
• Tanzania has remained continuously sovereign since 1964
• No merger or absorption occurred
• Listing was correct and consistent with DXCC rules

V. FINAL DETERMINATION

✅ 5H — TANZANIA qualifies as an ARRL DXCC Entity under the 1965 DXCC Rules.

Qualification Basis (1965):

✔ Fully sovereign, internationally recognized state
✔ UN member
✔ Political successor to two former DXCC Entities (Tanganyika & Zanzibar)
✔ Meets all 1965 Political Entity criteria
✔ Properly treated as a new DXCC Entity formed through political union

Conclusion:
Under the 1965 ARRL DXCC Rules, Tanzania is unmistakably a valid Political DXCC Entity, formed through the union of two previously recognized DXCC Entities.

VI. SUMMARY TABLE

Rule (1965)	Pass/Fail	Notes
Sovereign Country	✔ PASS	Independent Republic of Tanzania
UN Member State	✔ PASS	Continued membership post-union
International Recognition	✔ PASS	Global diplomatic recognition
Territorial Identity	✔ PASS	Union of Tanganyika + Zanzibar
Geographic Rule	N/A	Not required
Deletion Criteria	Not Triggered	Sovereignty remains
Final Status	VALID ENTITY (1965)	Political sovereign entity

References

ARRL DXCC Rules, editions current through 1965
Clinton B. DeSoto, W1CBD, “How to Count Countries Worked, A New DX Scoring System,” QST, October 1935
ARRL DXCC Country Lists, early- to mid-1960s editions
Historical records of the independence of Tanganyika (1961), Zanzibar (1963), and the formation of Tanzania (1964)
DXCC precedent involving newly independent and union states in Africa during the 1960s